Why does it say Guaranga...
04 January 2004, 06:59 PM
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I've often wondered myself.
Used to be a banner saying this over the A64 nr Malton.
Also saw it across a walkway/bridge somewhere on the A1 southbound some years ago.
???????????
Used to be a banner saying this over the A64 nr Malton.
Also saw it across a walkway/bridge somewhere on the A1 southbound some years ago.
???????????
04 January 2004, 07:12 PM
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Gouranga means "BE HAPPY" - HARE KRISHNA I believe
Krishna means "The All-Attractive," Hare addresses the energy of God, and Rama means "The Greatest Pleasure." These names of God and the Hare Krishna Mantra are derived from ancient Indian texts of knowledge called Vedas.
Krishna means "The All-Attractive," Hare addresses the energy of God, and Rama means "The Greatest Pleasure." These names of God and the Hare Krishna Mantra are derived from ancient Indian texts of knowledge called Vedas.
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04 January 2004, 07:23 PM
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YOU DID ASK
The elite
Andean society was very hierarchized. It included on the lower scale the hatun runa or common man and immediately above extended a range of lords.
During the government of Tupac Yupanqui, the sovereign ordered the division of the population into an incipient decimal system. The first grouping was of ten common men or chunga (ten) lead by one of them; ten of these small groups made up a pachaca (hundred individuals) with their own chief; ten of those pachacas formed a guaranga (thousand men) also with their lord.
Several guarangas of the same ethnic composition were united in a macroethnicity or great señorío with its own myths of origin, traditions, customs and language. To these macroethnicities, the Spanish vaguely gave the name "provinces" without indicating their detailed geographic area. Therefore we know, for example, that there was the Lord of the seven guarangas of Cajamarca, the seventh was formed by an entire guaranga of mitimaes from different places and imposed and formed by the Incas. This system has the great advantage of permitting a permanent accounting of the population, necessary to know on one hand, the superpopulated places from which people can be taken out to form armies and, on the other hand, those which have a labor shortage and require mitimaes.. The accounting was carried out thanks to the quipus, those cords of different colors, lengths and knots that were managed by specialists called quipucamayos.
At the head of every macroethnicity was placed a Hatun Curaca or great lord who in turn governed the several lords in a guaranga (thousand) and thus lowered the chiefs on the social scale.
Now, in all of Tahuantinsuyo there were dual lords, one for the Upper half and the other for the Lower half. With the formation of the Inca State there arose contingent curacas, in general protégés or servants of the sovereign or persons whom the sovereign wanted to distinguish. An example of that kind was the two curacas of the little señorío of Lima at the time of the Spanish foundation of the City of Kings. One was called Taulichusco and he belonged to the yana category or servant of Mama Vilo, a secondary wife of Huayna Capac; the second chief, Caxapaxa, settled in Cuzco and he was a yana of Huayna Capac. The Incas liked to have one or two dual chiefs in the capital to control the lords in case of rebellion.
These great signories or macroethnicities were destructured very early in order to create the system of colonial encomiendas. Moreover the lords who governed the large signories, the State needed a large number of dignitaries to make the government more nimble. It was a matter of administrators, judges, visiting inspectors, Apos or chiefs who went into the "provinces" choosing maidens for the Aclla huasi. Many of the personages who fulfilled some role in the administration of such a great State were members of the panacas or from the custodian ayllus .
A line apart was the quipicamayos or state accountants who carried in the quipus population numbers and also the amounts stored in the government warehouses. Given that in the Inca state the use of money was unknown, the warehouses full of manufactured and subsistence goods represented the wealth of the State. With these goods the Inca could show himself to be generous and the government was able to confront the rites of reciprocity.
Another important functionary was the overseer of the roads and bridges who controlled that the local people maintain the road network in good shape.
The priests
After the various lords and administrators came the important priests. There were many distinct categories; at the head, the supreme priest of the Sun was always a close relative of the Inca.
The elite
Andean society was very hierarchized. It included on the lower scale the hatun runa or common man and immediately above extended a range of lords.
During the government of Tupac Yupanqui, the sovereign ordered the division of the population into an incipient decimal system. The first grouping was of ten common men or chunga (ten) lead by one of them; ten of these small groups made up a pachaca (hundred individuals) with their own chief; ten of those pachacas formed a guaranga (thousand men) also with their lord.
Several guarangas of the same ethnic composition were united in a macroethnicity or great señorío with its own myths of origin, traditions, customs and language. To these macroethnicities, the Spanish vaguely gave the name "provinces" without indicating their detailed geographic area. Therefore we know, for example, that there was the Lord of the seven guarangas of Cajamarca, the seventh was formed by an entire guaranga of mitimaes from different places and imposed and formed by the Incas. This system has the great advantage of permitting a permanent accounting of the population, necessary to know on one hand, the superpopulated places from which people can be taken out to form armies and, on the other hand, those which have a labor shortage and require mitimaes.. The accounting was carried out thanks to the quipus, those cords of different colors, lengths and knots that were managed by specialists called quipucamayos.
At the head of every macroethnicity was placed a Hatun Curaca or great lord who in turn governed the several lords in a guaranga (thousand) and thus lowered the chiefs on the social scale.
Now, in all of Tahuantinsuyo there were dual lords, one for the Upper half and the other for the Lower half. With the formation of the Inca State there arose contingent curacas, in general protégés or servants of the sovereign or persons whom the sovereign wanted to distinguish. An example of that kind was the two curacas of the little señorío of Lima at the time of the Spanish foundation of the City of Kings. One was called Taulichusco and he belonged to the yana category or servant of Mama Vilo, a secondary wife of Huayna Capac; the second chief, Caxapaxa, settled in Cuzco and he was a yana of Huayna Capac. The Incas liked to have one or two dual chiefs in the capital to control the lords in case of rebellion.
These great signories or macroethnicities were destructured very early in order to create the system of colonial encomiendas. Moreover the lords who governed the large signories, the State needed a large number of dignitaries to make the government more nimble. It was a matter of administrators, judges, visiting inspectors, Apos or chiefs who went into the "provinces" choosing maidens for the Aclla huasi. Many of the personages who fulfilled some role in the administration of such a great State were members of the panacas or from the custodian ayllus .
A line apart was the quipicamayos or state accountants who carried in the quipus population numbers and also the amounts stored in the government warehouses. Given that in the Inca state the use of money was unknown, the warehouses full of manufactured and subsistence goods represented the wealth of the State. With these goods the Inca could show himself to be generous and the government was able to confront the rites of reciprocity.
Another important functionary was the overseer of the roads and bridges who controlled that the local people maintain the road network in good shape.
The priests
After the various lords and administrators came the important priests. There were many distinct categories; at the head, the supreme priest of the Sun was always a close relative of the Inca.
